从一个问题开始

要求写一个函数,该函数将从两个channel里获取值并将获取到的值放到一个新的channel里,最后将新的channel返回:
func merge(a,b <-chan int) <-chan int

一种思路

首先有一个生成a,b这两个channel的函数:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
func getChan(vs []int) <-chan int {
c := make(chan int)
go func(){
for _, v := range vs{
c <- v
time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(1000)) * time.Millisecond)
}
close(c)
}()
return c
}

接着来实现merge函数,需要注意的是何时关闭channel:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
func merge(a, b <-chan int) <-chan int {
c := make(chan int)
go func() {
defer close(c)
aClosed, bClosed := false, false
for !aClosed || !bClosed {
select {
case v, ok := <-a:
if !ok {
fmt.Println("channel a is closed")
aClosed = true
continue
}
c<-v
case v, ok := <-b:
if !ok {
fmt.Println("channel b is closed")
bClosed = true
continue
}
c<-v
}
}
}()
return c
}

跑一下这个代码看到以下的结果:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
func main() {

a := getChan([]int{1, 3, 5, 7})
b := getChan([]int{2, 4, 6, 8})
c := merge(a, b)
for v := range c {
fmt.Println(v)
}
fmt.Println("done")
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
>go run main.go
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
channel a is closed
channel a is closed
channel a is closed
channel a is closed
...
channel b is closed
done

然后会发现在channel b close之前输出了好多channel a is closed ,原因是在两个channel都没有数据到来前select语句会阻塞在那里,但是一旦channel a 关闭了select则不会阻塞所以在channel b 数据到来之前select会一直选择channel a,此时进入了忙等待的状态。

另一种思路

如果一个channel close掉了,那么我们将这个channel置为nil看看效果会怎样。

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
func merge(a, b <-chan int) <-chan int {
c := make(chan int)
go func() {
defer close(c)
for a!=nil || b!=nil {
select {
case v, ok := <-a:
if !ok {
fmt.Println("channel a is closed")
a = nil
continue
}
c <- v
case v, ok := <-b:
if !ok {
fmt.Println("channel b is closed")
b = nil
continue
}
c <- v
}
}
}()
return c
}

执行main.go得到如下结果:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
3
2
5
4
6
7
8
channel a is closed
channel b is closed
done

这一次没有再出现疯狂输出channel a is closed,原因是一个值为nil的channel有以下特性:

  • <-c 从channel中获取值的操作将一直被block
  • ->c 向channel中放入值的操作将一直被block
  • close(c)关闭一个值为nil的channel将产生panic

最后留一个问题,如何merge N 个channel,N是一个动态传入的参数。